A Study On Cross Cultural Groups And Organizations

A Dutch Social psychologist, Geert Hofstede carried out research studies on cross-cultural groups and organizations. He defined culture as a collective programing of the mind that makes the members of one group different from those of another group. His studies were instrumental in the developing of a systematic framework that is used in the assessment and the differentiation of organizational and national cultures. The framework was designed to show how a society’s culture affects the values of the members, and also, how the values relate to their behaviors. Hofstede was born on October 2nd 1982 and was an employee of IBM. At IBM International, Hofstede worked as a trainer in management and also as a manager of research on personnel. It is at this point, when he made a transition into psychology from engineering. He was highly recognized through his work on developing the cultural dimensions theory. His work was found useful by scholars and practitioners who took interest in the relationships between different cultures. His position in IBM International gave him opportunities to interact with and study different cultures around the world. This is because IBM had over 70 subsidiaries in different countries around the world. Hofstede travelled and conducted surveys and interviews in different parts of the world regarding people’s behaviors in their workplaces and how they interacted. Hofstede collected large amounts of data and analyzed it through different ways, whichShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : Managing Across Borders1132 Words   |  5 PagesMany studies have highlighted the fact that culture influences the way of thinking of an individual that can have major impact on the communication pattern of the strategies (Mazanec et al. 2015). For that reason, organizations often try to develop effective strategies to utilize cultural diversity for capturing different perspectives to a particular decision. Specifically, globalization has made proper management of cultural diversity is necessary within organizational structure. In this study, theRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 PagesCROSS CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS As the world becomes more and more internationally connected, the need to understand people from different cultures and how to interact appropriately with them also increases. Managers and leaders need to develop intercultural competences that can help them be more aware of their own culturally-based perceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solidRead MoreCultural Background Of Cross Cultural Communication1328 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Culture is defined by the behavior and knowledge of a specific group of people, such as language, religion and customs. Cross cultural communication studies how people from different countries, social status, and upbringing interact with each other In this new era of globalization cross cultural communication in organization it is not no longer a theory because of all the transformation that are happening are in the world we live in. PeopleRead MoreLink Between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Leadership1033 Words   |  5 PagesKarounos, T.J. (2009), â€Å"Exploring the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Leadership Effectiveness†, Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, Vol. 1, Feb. 2009, pp. 1 – 13. Introduction Along with the globalization of business, many corporations are facing the challenge of operating in a different culture. The writers made a connection between emotional intelligence and cross-cultural leadership effectiveness to deal with this situation, this article also presentedRead MoreCulture Is The Mind s Way Of Separating One Group Of People From Another ( Kawar )1087 Words   |  5 Pagesculture was the mind s way of separating one group of people from another (Kawar, 2012). Due to the technological advancements in the world people from all over are working together with new ways of communication. Though we must know the diversities of each culture in order to avoid being offensive, the same principles we use in communicating with different cultures is no different to what we would use in the workplace. When working in an organization you must motivate the employees, all while settingRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility at Bread Talk Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper will discuss the basis of the open system, Corporate Social Responsibility practiced by BreadTalk, understanding of cultural differences and steps that could be taken to promote cross cultural awareness. Breadtalk Founded in 2000, BreadTalk have grown to become one of the top local brands and operates more than 330 bakery outlets, 31 food courts and 13 restaurants across Singapore, Asia and Middle East. BreadTalk have been consistently advocating the open systems loop efficientlyRead MoreCross Cultural Management of Japan United States1020 Words   |  5 PagesCross Cultural Management of Japan United States One concern of the merger between these two companies involves group interaction and sense of space. People in the United States take great pride in themselves on individualism and informality. The Japanese culture values groups and formality. People in the United States admire a person who excels above everyone else. If this merger takes place and it makes the price of stock to rise, the American company might want to buy more stock andRead MoreKey Challenges to Cross Cultural Management: O2 Germany Case Study1142 Words   |  5 PagesGenerally, culture can be viewed as the behavioural norms within a group of people sharing common ethnicity, beliefs, education, historical background, location or institutions. It is widely the accepted behaviour in a group and likely the most striking or peculiar form of behaviour noted by a foreign member new in the group. Considering this, multinational corporations (MNC) must be highly sensitive towards cross cultural management in orde r for them to expand, implement their strategies and achieveRead MoreCross Cultural Leadership And Diversity975 Words   |  4 PagesA511.8.4.CM - Leadership Concept Map Chapters 14 Cross-cultural Leadership and Diversity Globalization and changing demographic patterns are making it more important for leaders to understand how to influence and manage people with different values, beliefs, and expectations. There has been more leadership research on cross†cultural aspects and gender differences than on other types of diversity (Ospina Foldy, 2009). Importance of Cross-cultural Research Leaders must also be able to understandRead MoreThe Global Environment That Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the changes, globalisation has caused through the butterfly effect, multiculturalism and diversity are becoming important topics for many MNCs globally (DeLancey, 2013). Numerous methods have been implemented by MNCs in order to capture cross-cultural differences in the workplace and how these can be readily applied to change management objectives in order to remain competitive and relevant in the ever-evolving business environment. This literature review will consider the significance that

Persuasive Essay The Toilet Paper - 711 Words

There’s a saying, it’s that the three necessities of life are food, shelter, and toilet paper. In 1890, when toilet paper was first put on a roll, was when the world truly started. Toilet paper is the best invention ever created because it gets us clean and fresh in seconds. Joseph Gayette was the man behind it all. His invention has and will be used in the world for hundreds and hundreds of years. It’s almost as if you didn’t even leave to do your business. Imagine a life without toilet paper, I just couldn’t do it. Toilet paper is so easy to get rid of, practically everywhere, and it’s clean and effective. Have you ever thought where it goes once you flush it? Once you flush, you never have to see it again. That’s unless you work at†¦show more content†¦The concept of toilet paper is genius. The concept allows us to grab, and rip of a piece without touching the next piece. No one wants to get gross bathroom germs. Common ill nesses, like a stomach bug, pass through bathrooms, and fungi like, athlete’s foot, occur in the bathroom from walking bare foot. Everyone gets the stomach bug at sometime, but most think of contracting the disease from being near someone that has it. In fact you get from being in a germ-filled bathroom. Imagine all of the times your mom told you to go wash your hands after you went to the bathroom, it’s because the bathroom can be a gross place. Things like toilet paper help us stay clean and reduce the amount of germs spread in the bathroom. Also, down there, it does a great job. I can walk around freely, after I do my business without worrying about stench, for I know toilet paper did a good job. I personally use Scott’s brand toilet paper, which I highly recommend. It’s very soft, and also very strong. Since, toilet paper is easy to dispose of, it’s everywhere, it’s one of the biggest marketed items, and a huge money maker, because you c an never have too much toilet paper. With a simple flush, toilet paper is gone. The simple design, is so well thought out, that germs don’t spread as much, as if they were in a container, like a tissue box. Where, when you go to grab the next piece you touch the box, and the next piece. You can’t go anywhere in the world withoutShow MoreRelatedOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. 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Pride and Prejudice Is Concerned with Various Aspects of Love and Marriage Free Essays

string(85) " quite astonished when she finds that the Bennet sisters did not draw, play or sing\." Pride and Prejudice is concerned with various aspects of love and marriage. Discuss. â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen, was written in 1797, when women were still dependent on men for their livelihood and marriage was a tool for women of the time to get settled in comfortable households. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice Is Concerned with Various Aspects of Love and Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the turn of 19th century in England, balls were one of the places to socialise, in other words, an opportunity for most young women to look for suitable husbands. Many of the Jane Austen novels centre on the theme of love and marriage, and it can be said that it presents to us the social history of England. Raymond Williams said, â€Å"Austen’s novels provide an accurate record of that moment in English history in which bourgeois society most evidently interlocked with an agrarian capitalism. † Austen’s Emma is a case in point in which the lead heroine is a match maker and though she herself vows not to marry but eventually falls in love with George Knightley who is the owner of an estate. Similarly, in other Austen novels, the story revolves around men and women interacting and socialising, and leads to an end where the heroine is happily married. Pride and prejudice is not free from such a theme, while marriage is a big concern, we also see development of love and the growth of relationships especially between Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth and Darcy. Pride and Prejudice starts with the comment, ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. This clearly sets out the pace of the story and we come to know that men with property are being highlighted. Mrs Bennet with five daughters to take care of and who also wants to protect her future after her husband’s death, feels it a great responsibility to marry off her daughters in well off households. So, when she hears of a Mr Bingley with ‘four or five thousands a year’, she pesters Mr Bennet to meet him for the sake of her daugh ters. This shows how she has already raised up her hopes that perhaps ‘he may fall in love with one of them. Mr Bingley is not only in the hunt list of Mrs Bennet but also on several other women’s too in the neighbourhood. Mrs Bennet makes a comment on Mrs Long ‘She has two nieces of her own’, which suggests that she is desperate to get her hands laid on him before he commits to another woman. The question is why women needed to be in this institution of marriage. One reason, as it appears, is the social status, and the other, the future comfort that marriage promises to women. As Wollstonecraft quotes, â€Å"†¦ he only way women can rise in the world- by marriage. † Why Charlotte gives in to marry Mr. Collins is only for a promising future and to free herself from being a burden to her family. Also, Mrs. Bennet throws her daughters into the marriage market in hope of acquiring them a social status. But why did women have to run after wealthy men? It i s only because women did not have any income of their own during that time, so they needed financial support through their husbands to run their lives. Had this been not the case and if women were working, marriage would not have become a priority of life for women just to gain a stable future and financial status of men would not have mattered then. Even now some mothers like Mrs. Bennet, who have adopted such notions of marriage of that time, still talk about getting their daughters married in good households. For them the future is all about marriage, they can’t separate the thought of their daughter’s future from the thought of them being married one day. Similarly, for Mrs. Bennet, Jane marrying Mr. Bingley is an excellent prospect; Elizabeth, being Darcy’s mistress, has the promise of living a luxurious life. Though Elizabeth is the heroine of the novel, Jane’s life takes a centre-stage in the eyes of the characters as she is the most beautiful of all the women, and so everyone is involved in her love life as they believe that with her beauty she can captivate any man of fortune. She is then thrown into the marriage market. From this we also come to know how love is not the first priority but economic status in society is what women want to seek through marriage. We also see how beauty played a role for catching good husbands. Charlotte Lucas who is seen as another potential candidate for Bingley in the beginning, fails because she is not handsome enough. She ultimately marries Elizabeth’s cousin Mr Collins just to gain financial security. This, maybe, because of the lack of education that women received. They were only educated in the arts that were necessary to be a â€Å"lady† and also the ones that would make them a good housewife. Another quote by Wollstonecraft: â€Å"It is acknowledged that they (women) spend many of the first years of their lives in acquiring a smattering of accomplishments; meanwhile strength of body and mind are sacrificed to libertine notions of beauty, to the desire of establishing themselves- the only way women can rise in the world– by marriage. And this desire making mere animals of them, when they marry they act as such children may be expected to act- they dress, they paint, and nickname God’s creatures. Not only ‘well-educated young women of small fortune’ were in want of husbands but as Amrita Bhalla in her essay ‘Property Rights of (Wo)men’, writes ‘Even women of fortune were not spared an orientation for marriage- their chief concern was to be â€Å"accomplished† in a specific manner, dictated by the current times. ’ Perhaps, marriage enhanced their status in the society. Lady Catherine de Bourgh is quite astonished w hen she finds that the Bennet sisters did not draw, play or sing. You read "Pride and Prejudice Is Concerned with Various Aspects of Love and Marriage" in category "Papers" Single men are the primary target for young women in the novel. We see Elizabeth’s younger sisters out with men at quite an early age. They are quite attracted by the officers in red coats. We see Lydia and Kitty socialising with the officers and they seem to be the most excited ones at the prospect of marriage. Mrs Bennet encourages them to go out, as she wants to be free from her duty as soon as possible. There is an attitude of urgency towards marriage not only to get husbands of fortune but as in Lydia’s case who runs away with Wikham, is ultimately married to him for the sake of the status of her family in society. She then feels quite proud of the fact to be the first one of her sisters to get married. We also see Mr Collins, a single man with considerable wealth, who wants to marry desperately, keeping his eye on the Bennet sisters. Although, he notices Jane first, after knowing she is taken he settles on Elizabeth but he is refused by her. Jane Austen quotes, ‘It is always incomprehensible to a man that a woman should ever refuse an offer of marriage. ’ Mr Collins finally finds civility in Charlotte Lucas and she consents to his marriage proposal for the prospects of future wealth. The narrator comments, ‘Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object; it was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want. ’ While the novel is focused upon different attitudes towards marriage such as marrying for financial security or social status, we see elements of love which sprout slowly and finally blossom by the end of the novel. It’s the love between Darcy and Elizabeth that develops most slowly but as is it does, we see a change in both the characters. Darcy is the first to fall in love, but it is after his proposal is refused, that he reflects upon his behaviour. He then realises his mistake and tries to undo all of them. He tries to restore the honour of the Bennet family by making Wikham marry Lydia. It is his love for Elizabeth that urges him to help her in all way possible. He even gives up on his ‘pride’. This change in him develops a stronger feeling of love in Elizabeth towards Darcy. She too introspects and realises how prejudiced she has been all along. She falls for Darcy but we are not quite sure when exactly her mind changes although she jokes that she happens to change her mind when she visits Pemberley. Therefore, love gives rise to self-reflection and an alteration in attitudes of the main characters. Austen does not directly dwell into love in the beginning of the novel. While marriage is the main focus, love happens eventually between the principal characters. The ‘disagreeable’ and proud Darcy is not fascinated enough to fall for Elizabeth at first sight but as he sees her more and more, he is captivated by the beauty of her eyes. He starts studying Elizabeth’s character more and more, and falls for her deeply. He ignores his status, while he proposes to Elizabeth, although she does not belong to an equal background. Elizabeth justifies herself in front of his aunt, â€Å"He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s daughter; so far we are equal. † Darcy being the ‘prince’, who marries an ordinary woman, gives Pride and Prejudice a fairytale ending. Another couple who are affected by love is Jane and Bingley, Jane falls passionately in love with Mr. Bingley and he falls for her. When Bingley deserts Jane, her love only grows for him while he is away. They too have a happy ending when Bingley finally returns for her. Austen is quite subtle in the presentation of love among her characters; they do not delve into passionate love making, but grow feelings of love and care for each other. There are overall five important marriages in the novel: Mr. And Mrs. Bennet, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins, Lydia and Wikham, Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth and Darcy. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are quite opposite in their characteristics which is why they have conflict of ideas, and hence, fail as a couple whereas, Charlotte and Mr. Collins do not share any commonality between them either. Both of these couple lack the emotion of passionate love for each other. Charlotte is married to Mr. Collins only for future support and not because she loves him. Wikham and Lydia’s marriage again is not borne out of love, but it is a compromise after their little runaway trip together. The only successful marriages that seem to be are of Bingley and Jane, and Elizabeth and Darcy. Both these pairs are lovers and the men in this case ignore their status and social obligations to marry the women they love. After he hears about Elizabeth and Darcy, Mr Bennet says, ‘If any young men come for Mary or Kitty, send them in, for I am quite at leisure. ’ He is overjoyed for his favourite daughter for finding herself a ‘superior husband’. Hence, we notice that having a superior husband was considered important at that time and this is one of the points that feminist writers point out in their criticism against Jane Austen because of her including such a statement. She ends the novel on a happy note, with all her heroines happily married. Although, marriage is seen necessary for monetary support but ultimately Austen characters cannot escape love. Mary Wollstonecraft in Vindication of the Rights of Woman felt that if women were better educated, they â€Å"would not then marry for support. † Pride and Prejudice, thus, shows us how the society in 19th century England looked at the social institution of marriage. We can, therefore, conclude that Pride and Prejudice deals with various aspects of ‘love’ and ‘marriage’. How to cite Pride and Prejudice Is Concerned with Various Aspects of Love and Marriage, Papers

A Trip to New York Theatre Shows

Question: Discuss about planning and rationale of trip and schedules of theatre shows. Answer: Planning and Rationale of Trip: To plan a trip can be a very challenging task. It seems to be exciting in the beginning, but planning the minutest details carefully is at the same time quite challenging and interesting. One of such trips is being planned for me these days, which is a visit to New York theatre for next upcoming days, along with my friends, who share the common interest of watching theatre. The Theatre of New York has recently entered a golden era. It was dead a few decades ago, but in recent past years, it has revived with a new energy and popularity. These changing trends fascinated and encouraged us to plan a trip to the theatre of New York City. It is not only a delightful but also a great learning experience to watch theatre shows of New York City, as it gives a complete insight into U.S. culture. After doing a thorough research on it, I found that total budget per person for this trip would be approximate $900- $1000. We will be booking our rooms in the hotel Times Square, which will be nearby the majority of venues of theatre shows and will cost us around $ 153 ("The New York Times - Breaking News, World News Multimedia"). We will be booking tickets through Ticketchest.com, which is the most reliable and quick way out to book the tickets for events in New York. The flight to New York City will cost us approx. $165/person ("Broadway Theatre New York Theatre Guide - Online And New York Theatre Tickets With Broadway Theatre Tickets"). Schedules of Theatre Shows: We will be landing in New York City on 23rd March and will be having our tickets pre-booked for the show on the same day at 7:00 PM for the Fun Home. We decided to watch this show because it is a winner of 5 Tony Awards, which aroused curiosity in us. As per reviews of Ben Brantley, it is a Broadway musical and a great combination of intelligence and emotions. As per research and reviews, I came to know that it is based on the hot topic of homosexuality and draws the attention of its audience towards this critical issue. On this day, we will head towards watching the show "Fun Home". It is a family show and will be shown in Square theatre. As Adam Feldman reviews the show, he says that Alison Bechdel is a cartoonist and knows very well how to pack big surprises in small boxes. According to a viewer, Stephen L the play is more of a chamber opera than a musical theatre. According to the viewers the three actors who have played the cartoonist as real life actors are superb. The show wil l cost us 80$ per head. It is humorous as well as it touches the heart of the audience and we are yet to explore how far are these reviews correct. The next day we have a plan to watch a Broadway show named She Loves Me. This show is based on a book which is witty in nature was written by Joe Masteroff. It is a romantic comedy and revolves around the love story which casts Zachary Levi and Laura Benanti, who have their chemistry in spades. As quoted by a reviewer Tara P, she couldn't leave the theatre without a grin on her face and feel happy. She even vouches that if this play is not worth a start, then she didnt know what is. As per reviews, it depicts the basic formula that as perfume can trigger someone only if it has the right combination of alcohol, water and oil, similarly, love can happen between two persons, when there is a mutual chemistry between the two and this is what is depicted in this show. As per David Cote, this show is a great blend of the casting design, costumes and the joyful production (Cote). This theatre will be played on March 24th and will cost us 56$ per person. The next morning we have planned to watch an off-Broadway show named The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe that will be played at St. Lukes Theatre. We have decided to watch this show because it has been nominated as the best family show and was honoured with the Off Broadway Alliance Awards, 2012 along with other six awards, which fascinated us to watch this show. As suggested by Erin Leigh Peck, this story from the story book written by C.S. Lewis has come to life through the great imagination of two actors who have played all the characters which are there in the novel (Peck). In this, Peter and Lucy take the audience to the Narnia, where a spell is cast by the witch and makes it always winter. The cost of watching this show will be around $35 per person. The last day is fixed for off-Broadway show, Angel Reapers. As said by Helen Shaw, it is a portrait of 18th-century American religious sect, which vowed to connect to God by observing strict celibacy. It depicts a Shaker community of that period, in which the shaker skirts, dance and are swung by their male partners in the air and soon the whole stage gets full of stamping feet and with the loud noise of ringing bells. All of them dance under a white cloth, which is a delightful experience to watch along with short dialogues in between (Shaw). Their dancing tunes are full of ecstasy and spiritual renunciation, which take you away with their tunes. Then a married couple also dances, but in anguish and anxiety as if full of madness in dance. It throws light on the fact that how the commitment of females to celibacy tortures them and leads to homosexuality. The cost of watching this show will be around $45 per person. After the viewing all, we will be staying for another one day to explore other sight seeing places of New York city and not to mention for shopping. We are hoping this trip to be not only memorable and enjoyable but also a rich learning experience for all of us by watching the world famous shows of New York City. We are just hoping that it will not only enrich our knowledge but will also give us an unforgettable experience of our lives. References "At This Theatre: 100 Years Of Broadway Shows, Stories And Stars".Choice Reviews Online40.07 (2003): 40-3926-40-3926. Web. "Broadway Theatre New York Theatre Guide - Online And New York Theatre Tickets With Broadway Theatre Tickets". Newyorktheatreguide.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. Cote, David. "She Loves Me". Time Out New York. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. Hornby, Richard. "New Life On Broadway".The Hudson Review41.3 (1988): 512. Web. Kolin, Philip C. "Playing Underground: A Critical History Of The 1960'S Off-Off-Broadway Movement (Review)".Theatre Journal57.4 (2005): 780-781. Web. Loney, Glenn. "Broadway And Off-Broadway Supplement".Educational Theatre Journal18.1 (1966): 66. Web. Peck, Erin Leigh. "Reviews/Features". The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. Shaw, Helen. "Angel Reapers". Time Out New York. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. "The New York Times - Breaking News, World News Multimedia". Nytimes.com.. N.p., 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.